Essay History of the War on Drugs - 900 Words

Analysis Starting in 1914 the U.S introduced the first probation acts that prohibited the consumption of Opiates and Cocaine with the Harrison Narcotics act of 1914 Later this act was amended to include marijuana. This Act was the first use of federal criminal law in the United Sates to attempt to deal with the nonmedical use of drugs (wisegeek). The war of drugs started primarily in the 1971 when Nixon declared the war on drugs. He dramatically increased the size and presence of federal drug control agencies (Drug Policy). With the first major organized drug imports from Columbia from the Black Tuna Gang based in Miami, Florida Columbia was quickly growing into a drug superpower able to feed America’s growing addictions. With the†¦show more content†¦This act allowed the government to seize things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any person in exchange for a controlled substance [and] all proceeds traceable to such an exchange (PBS). The leader Pablo Escobar was always fighting for power within the Colombian government. The U.S decided to work with the Colombian government to establish an extradition treaty between the countries in 1979 (United States Congress ). This treaty would allow the U.S to extradite the cartel traffickers for a trial in the U.S. This caused Pablo to attack the government and this ultimately caused the Medellin cartel’s downfall. In the early 1990’s the cartel’s leaders were apprehended and the leader Pablo Escobar was killed in a firefight after having to run for his life. (PBS2). The Cali Cartel was an established in 1972 and prospered until 1992. After the downfall of the Medellin Cartel the Cali Cartel quickly filled their shoes becoming the most powerful cartel. La Times quoted the Cali Cartel â€Å"Once the richest and most powerful crime syndicate in the world.† (Rempel). This cartel was very sophisticated. Instead of using violence to get what they want they used business. They quietly funded presidential elections to the leaders they wanted. They had lawyers Study the DEA and U.S prosecutors to be 1 step ahead of everyone. The Cali Cartel fell as a direct result of U.S law enforcement operations and diplomatic pressure (Rempel). ItShow MoreRelatedHistory on the War on Drugs Essay1788 Words   |  8 Pages26, 2010 History of the War on Drugs The war on drugs has been an ongoing fight that many presidents and foreign allegiances have tried to stop the trafficking, distribution and use of illegal drugs into the United States and around the world. Policy and laws have been created and maintained and changed to try and prevent illegal drugs being made in other countries as well as the United States and from being brought across the borders into the United States. The punishment for the drug traffickersRead Moreâ€Å"The War On Drugs Is A Big Fucking Lie†. In Recent History,1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The war on drugs is a big fucking lie† In recent history, there has been much rhetoric surrounding the eradication of cross-border drug trafficking. The â€Å"war on drugs† was introduced in the 1970s by Nixon, who wanted to eliminate the drugs coming into the United States, since they were seen by him as a threat to our nation. Many laws have been enacted with the purpose keeping illicit drugs out of the United States, yet they do so through the use of nativist ideology, which upholds white supremacyRead MoreA Brief Note On The War On Drugs1356 Words   |  6 PagesRachael Radvansky Sociology 101 War on Drugs February 28, 2017 The War on Drugs can be a very controversial topic to different people around the world. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, and I fully respect that. Some people say that the War on Drugs is a waste of time and money while others are very concerned about the different drugs that are coming into the United States. It still amazes me that people are continuing to take/do drugs when they see and hear about how many people haveRead MoreWar on Drugs818 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstatement to the punishments given to drug dealers for their drug related offenses. Mandatory minimum drug sentencing was arguably established to target higher level drug dealers but recently the majority of cases have been low level drug dealers. Distributing narcotics is a serious offense, but do these people who are trying to support themselves, a family, or an addiction deserve to spend close to a lifetime incarcerated? During the 1960’s drugs became a symbol of â€Å"youthful rebellion, socialRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violenceRead MoreDrugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System1396 Words   |  6 PagesFrank Herton CJ411: Drugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System Unit 2 Assignment May 1, 2012 Drug and alcohol abuse has been around as long as humans have been around. People have always had the desire to use substances to make them feel relaxed or stimulated. So because drugs and alcohol have always been existent, they have always been a part of our American culture through politics, media and advertising, and other American concepts. The time period of 1950-2000 was exceptionally activeRead MoreDrug Addiction : History, Laws, And Treatment Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Drug Addiction, History, Laws, and Treatment Drug Addiction itself affects almost  ­Ã¢â‚¬ Twenty-three million Americans are currently addicted to alcohol and/or other drugs. Only one in 10 percent of them (2.6 million) receives the treatment they need. The result: a treatment gap of more than 20 million Americans†(Writer, B. J. 2010). Drug Addiction is it truly a disease or a choice? Many state authority figures say it s a choice not a disease much of science says it s a choice disease, both inRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States956 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today that has afflicted in the United States and the United Nations; both are influenced by international drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drugs. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs become the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issuesRead MoreArgumentative Essay On War On Drugs1515 Words   |  7 Pages War On All Drugs The War on Drugs has been a long and difficult road for humankind. So many drugs exist today, from street drugs to recreational use to prescription and over-the-counter medications. They all affect anyone who uses them. Some give you an inebriated high and if overused and can lead to death. Drugs that were originally intended to cure an illness or disease are being combined to form an illegal substance. When it comes to curing the illness that was made by the drug, rehabilitationRead MoreRace For Nonviolent Drug Offenses Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesput in place in the South and Midwest for drugs directed towards minorities. For the purposes of this essay I want to look at race when describing how race disproportionately plays in the legal system for nonviolent drug offenses. In America since 1970 since Nixon declared a war on drugs and the introduction of crack cocaine in the 80s America there has seen a rise of prison inmates. The majority of the inmates are minorities being c harged with nonviolent drug offenses. As result, I would like to examine

The Nature of Man, the Renaissance, and the Protestant...

Europe was a tumultuous region in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In particular, the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation both introduced radical intellectual and religious ideas that challenged centuries of established doctrine. This period corresponded with a great surge in philosophical, political, and religious writing. Among the most influential thinkers of the time were the Italian humanist Leon Battista Alberti, the Florentine politician Niccolà ² Machiavelli, and the German monk Martin Luther. Alberti wrote in a time of humanist thought and economic prosperity, Machiavelli in a time of growing political instability and economic uncertainty in Italy, and Luther in a time dominated by an increasingly corrupt†¦show more content†¦Leon Battista Alberti’s On the Family (1435) is a dialogue between the brothers of a wealthy merchant-banking Italian family at the deathbed of the patriarch. Alberti, one of the original humanists, puts forward an optimist ic view of human nature through the characters’ discussion about the correct way to run a family. Although his family was exiled from Florence, the ban had been lifted and Alberti had gone back home and then on to Rome before be began writing On the Family (RWC, 78). His optimism reflects the newfound faith in the ancients held by those in Renaissance Italy, and his family’s great fortune. Alberti opens his dialogue with: â€Å"[N]ature strives to produce all things as complete, both in inherent strength and in various members, as is fitting and proper, with no defects or imperfections†¦we can affirm with certainty that all mortals are endowed by nature with the ability to love and to put into practice even the most praised virtue (virtà ¹). And virtue is nothing else than nature, properly produced and perfect in itself.† (Alberti, RWC, 79-80). Alberti sees nature and man tending towards good and even perfection. He acknowledges that evil exists, but sees it as a result of â€Å"bad habits and corrupted reason, both of which proceed from erroneous opinion and mental deficiency.† (Alberti, RWC, 80). As an early humanist, hisShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation Was the Rejection of the Secular Spirit of the811 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus, the Renaissance concentrated increasingly on the present day, demonstrating a more secular philosophy. Humanism developed, making human beings, and not God, the center of attention. People not longer considered their lives solely as a preparation for the afterlife, but instead gave them actual value. The churchs authority fused with that of the state, resulting in a monopolized power greatly influenced by religion. The rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance can be seenRead MoreRenaissance and Reformation806 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance and the reformation were two of the most significant changes in history that has shaped our world today. Both of these great time periods are strikingly similar in some ways and totally different in others. This is because the renaissance was a change from religion to humanism whether it is in art or literature; it is where the individual began to matter. However, the reformation was,† in a nutshell,† a way to reform the church and even more so to form the way our society is todayRead MoreThe Enormous Growth During the Renaissance1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe term Renaissance in general refers to â€Å"Rebirth† or â€Å"Reconstruction†. To be exact, the meaning came from all the changes experienced and inventive ideas that influence during the European history. The Renaissance occurred between the 14th and 17th century when there was revival in both learning and culture in Europe. It began in Florence, Italy and traveled throughout other city-states in Italy. It mainly occurre d in Italy due to the history of Rome and Roman Empire. The Renaissance was a culturalRead MoreThe legacy of the renaissance1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe legacy of the renaissance can be described and defined in many ways and through many great people. For example, one of the main figures of the renaissance was Leonardo Da Vinci born in Italy during the year1452; he was during his time and is still today considered a true renaissance man. Da Vinci dabbled in almost every aspect of the arts and science. He is most famous however for his painting (Mona Lisa) finished in 1506, but he also worked on designs for weapons and sculpted as well as theRead MoreEnlightened Philosophers (John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau)1495 Words   |  6 Pageswith Government) †. If Locke were alive during the Renaissance period, his views may have shifted. Lock may have been less bold about his reasons â€Å"why men enter into a society†. The renaissance was a time of peace and prosperity. Humanism, self awareness, art, and science were a big deal and his view of people and their â€Å"state in nature† may have changed because people were thinking differently during those times. During the Protestant Reformation, times were also different and his opinion may haveRead MoreThe Renaissance Versus the Reformation1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance versus the Reformation I feel, sometimes, as the Renaissance man must have felt in finding new riches at every point and in the certainty that unexplored areas of knowledge and experience await at every turnÂâ€"Polykarp Kusch. Two very critical periods in the history of western civilization involved the eras of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The renaissance evolved mainly in direct result to the medieval times where the people where obedient to authority. The reformationRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And Renaissance : The Renaissance And The Renaissance1008 Words   |  5 Pagesresemblance to another. As to the concern of the relation between the Protestant Reformation and Renaissance, they both encompass apparent elements of individualism and religious reasoning. In spite of this, both these events can be separately indentified as different based on the change they incited on the whole of Western Civilization and of who was actually effected during their time. The foremost impact of the Renaissance is the inspiration of human thought and choices created by the HumanistRead MoreWhat Do These Pictures Of The Pazzi Chapel?1372 Words   |  6 Pagesand interior) suggest to you about the core ideas/beliefs of the Italian Renaissance? The Pazzi Chapel epitomizes the Italian Renaissance’s core beliefs of humanism, individualism, and the salience of religion. The first thing that people will notice about the chapel is its unique dimensions. The Pazzi Chapel is comparatively small to the Gothic cathedrals that were designed in the Middle Ages. This emphasizes the Renaissance belief of humanism. Humanism is the rediscovery of Greek and Roman textsRead MoreThe Protestant Break : Leo X 1513-211605 Words   |  7 Pagesdetail a single chapter of Barbara Tuchman’s work The March of Folly, which is â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21.† The topic of Tuchman’s discussion in the chapter is the nature of Leo X’s reign as the pope and the effect that it had on history. Following the examination of other renaissance papacies in previous chapters, Tuchman continues a study of how the era’s popes provoked the Protestant secession. â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21† is a salient chapter, however, in that it is during Leo X’sRead MoreCompare and Contrast Italian Renaissance Painting and Sculpture to the Northern Renaissance Painting and Sculpture1731 Words   |  7 PagesItalian Renaissance to the artworks of the Renaissance in the North, you have to understand the roots of the Renaissance. Renaissance has a special meaning, referring to a period of the grand florescence of the arts in Italy during the 14th century and progressed and migrated, in the 15th and 16th centuries, to Northern Europe. The Renaissance was stimulated by the revival of the classical art forms of ancient Greece and Rome. The â€Å"re-birth of knowledge,† better known as the Renaissance, can be

Security and Stability of Prison Management

Question: Discuss about the Security and Stability of Prison Management. Answer: In view of the given condition, the roles of the staff and personnel employed in the prison setting are integral for smooth operational performance and prudent management of the various issues associated with the inmates and other situations. Therefore, in tackling the ensuing circumstance pertaining to an inmate named Spencer who complained and threatened of non-cooperation due to non-fulfillment of his projected demands, I feel strict abidance of the jailcraft principles is essential. According to the guidelines as put forward in the jailcraft principles, emphasis must be laid on the tacit knowledge and core competency relevant to the professionalism of the prison officers. The underlying prerequisites encompass duties encompass being security minded and tactically proficient, possession of a sound understanding about the inmate subculture, being firm but fair, taking charge and being in control of the surrounding happenings, revealing of genuine interest towards inmates wellbeing and finally being a positive influence (Crawley, 2013). Hence I feel the concerned inmate Spencer who expressed grievance of not receiving the promised non-meat diet after proper request and assurance from his personal supervisor as per his statement should be verified for the truthfulness of his claim. As part of my job I should be promptly ready to encounter any unforeseen or challenging situation and work in perfect harmony to safeguard the best of interests of the inmates as well as maintaining the workplace culture and ethics. I believe every inmate should be treated in an unbiased manner thereby allying the apprehensions of other prisoners about any possible favoritism on the part of the prison officer. The staff-prisoner relationship in conjunction with the staff professionalism has been identified as vital factors that indicate the prison quality and prevalent culture (Crewe Liebling Hulley, 2015). Further I am of the opinion that the claim of Spencer must be corroborated with his activities and attitudes inside the prison. I need to keep a strict vigilance on him to find out the root cause of his dissatisfaction and carefully investigate the possibility of any secret motive. The confined and rigid environment in a prison calls for the preservation of utmost security and stability. Hence, keeping control of the situation and inmates is pivotal (He, 2013). However I disagree to the explanation and consecutive actions taken by the S/Sgt Ted regarding the mat ter pertaining to the diet change request. I think his attitude towards Spencer reveals a sense of biasness exhibiting a breach of conduct and lacking conformity with the jailcraft principles (Jewkes, Crewe Bennett, 2016). His actions might have far reaching consequences thereby creating a negative impact on the other inmates. Moreover, I feel the purpose of a correctional home gets defeated in such proceedings and foster an environment of mistrust, disbelief and agitation. In fine, it is advisable from all ends concerned associated with the prison setting to indulge in healthy and rightful practices. The prison officers specifically must strive to possess the optimum and desirable traits that might influence the inmates in a positive manner. However, in the process of interacting and treating the prisoners care should be taken to protect and safeguard their human rights. Thus, working in compliance with the existing guidelines and legislation will harbor positive outcomes in a prison setting. References Crawley, E. M. (2013).Doing prison work. Routledge. Crewe, B., Liebling, A., Hulley, S. (2015). Staff?Prisoner Relationships, Staff Professionalism, and the Use of Authority in Public?and Private?Sector Prisons.Law Social Inquiry,40(2), 309-344. He, K. (2013). Study on Security and Stability of Prison Management. InInformatics and Management Science II(pp. 429-435). Springer London. Jewkes, Y., Crewe, B., Bennett, J. (Eds.). (2016).Handbook on prisons. Routledge.

Natural Resources Diamonds

Botswana is a country found in Southern Africa that is ranked among the highest diamond producers in the world. The tremendous growth in Botswana’s economy over the last three decades is attributed to its valuable diamonds. There are very few countries that produce diamond and this therefore makes diamond to be among the most valuable minerals in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Natural Resources: Diamonds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will explore the socio-economic and environmental impacts of diamond mining in Botswana. The price of diamond at the international market is fairly good compared to other minerals. The economy of Botswana is among the best in Africa because the country has large deposits of valuable diamonds. Botswana discovered diamonds for the first time in the late 1960s. At independence, a larger percentage of Botswana’s population was languishing in poverty because the country had not discovered its vast mineral resources (Collier 37). The three main diamond mines in Botswana include Letlhakane, Jwaneng and Orapa. The production of diamonds from the three mines made Botswana to be among the leading diamond producers in the world by 1980 (Collier 56). Botswana has the best brand of diamonds due to their high value compared to those from other countries. The Damtshaa mine which was established in 2002 is the most recent mine in Botswana. Botswana is blessed with large quantities of diamond that is yet to be fully exploited (Collier 113). It is estimated that Botswana produces 25% of all the diamond in the global market. Botswana has an estimated total population of 2.1 million people with an average population growth rate of 1.656% (Dale 75). The adult population in Botswana is estimated to be 39% of the total population. Botswana is estimated to be 581,730 km2 with 75% of its land surface covered by the Kalahari Desert (Dale 76). The country has a high mortality rate as a result of the AIDS pandemic that is very prevalent. The urban population is estimated to be 60% of the country’s total population. Botswana has a life expectancy of 60.3 years (Collier 87). The majority of workers who work in diamond mines are local people with a considerable number of foreign expatriates (Collier 94). The major mining companies have a joint ownership between the government and foreign companies. Almost half a million local people earn their living either directly or indirectly from the four major mines in Botswana. The AIDS pandemic is very prevalent in mining towns as a result of the carefree lifestyles in the towns.Advertising Looking for research paper on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many sex workers move to mining towns in order to exploit money from the miners who are well paid (Collier 94). The mining companies in collaboration with the Botswana government have put in place HIV/AIDS prevention programs especially for the mine workers. The people in rural areas practice some subsistence farming and at the same time receive financial support from their relatives in mining towns (Mcntyre 132). Diamond mining has brought significant economic benefits to the local communities in Botswana (Mcntyre 132). The mining industry has benefited the entire country because the majority of government functions and programs are funded using proceeds from diamond exports. Other industries such as agriculture and tourism rely on the mining industry for funding (Dale 66). The education and health sectors have significantly been improved through the building of new schools and hospitals that benefit the local community. Botswana has moved from being among the poorest countries in the world at independence to a middle income economy after the discovery of diamonds (Dale 66). The local communities have benefited greatly from the diamond m ines through the improvement of infrastructure and the numerous job opportunities found in the mines. Mining companies in Botswana work under strict international environmental conservation guidelines to ensure environmental sustainability. The companies conduct frequent monitoring of water; air and land as a way of preserving the natural surrounding and at the same time minimize the potential environmental risks (Dale 114). Mining companies have played a significant role in the conservation of flora and fauna to promote the tourism industry. The mining companies distribute free antiretroviral drugs to minimize the number of employee deaths resulting from HIV (Collier 147). The price of rough and refined diamond has been fluctuating in the last four years depending on market dynamics. Botswana mines an average of 23 million carats of rough diamond annually with an average price of $ 170.36 per carat (Mcntyre 74). Diamond prices are slightly high in the United States with an average price of rough diamond being sold at $ 236.30 per carat (Mcntyre 75). In conclusion, diamond mining is a major economic activity in Botswana that has been instrumental in improving the country’s economy. The mine workers are well remunerated on top of being provided with good working conditions. Safety measures are a priority in all the mines in Botswana and this has reduced the number of accidents that occur in the mines (Collier 156). Australia and the United States record more mine accidents compared to Botswana. The Government of Botswana in partnership with mining companies offers special services and outreach programs for mine workers with medical conditions. The special initiatives have greatly benefited those workers who are infected or affected by the HIV pandemic (Collier 157). Local production of diamond products should be encouraged to create more jobs for the local people. Despite facing its fair share of challenges, Botswana’s mining industry is a perfect model for other countries to emulate.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Natural Resources: Diamonds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Collier, Paul. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy, New York: World Bank Publications, 2003. Print. Dale, Richard. Botswana’s Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa, New York: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005. Print. Mcntyre, Chris. Bradt Botswana: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari, New York: Bradt Travel Guides, 2010. Print. This research paper on Natural Resources: Diamonds was written and submitted by user Mark Mcdaniel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Adam and Eva Essays

Adam and Eva Essays Adam and Eva Paper Adam and Eva Paper A man said to me once, that youll never realize the limits of time until you hit a certain age; the finite-news of it all. I still wonder each day what Ralph Williams really meant when he foretold me those queer words, while in the middle of discussing literary themes which has transcended through time. The Irony with this, I guess, Is why In my life are so many of the great themes Vive enjoyed, gone? Was he really forewarning me of this nostalgic tragedy we will face, or realize, one day? Has that day come for me? I often attribute the story of Adam and Eve with that of a typical relationship. A man Is young and carefree, enjoying his life In the fair Garden of Eden with a woman he enjoys to be with. With no of good or evil responsibilities ever haunting his naked, pure senses. But then Eve brings forth apple, Oh the Apple! What Is this apple you force me to eat, Eve? It Is this apple that steals away my bachelorhood! No longer can I roam naked around the garden and do as I wish, but rather I must now bare a child with you and toil the rough soil to support us all. Why, Eve, have you seduced me with this forsaken apple, which has stolen all the pureness and freedom away room? Is it really this simple apple, which I have now eaten that makes me see the tragic end? Is it this simple apple that makes me a man? Then what is so great about being a man? Oh cursed woman, why do you force me to eat such pain? To follow your rules, Oh I believe the wicked apple really is the downfall of all men, and the end to his glory. The moment in time, when that apple is handed to the man from the wicked woman who now takes control of his soul, chaining him to her and her ways.. Why are we made so weak to fall for such a tragedy after all these millenniums?

Reaction Paper Essay Example

Reaction Paper Essay Example Reaction Paper Essay Reaction Paper Essay The speech of the Commander of the Naval Education and Training Command (CENT) discuss the seriousness of the conduct of Naval Command and Staff Course Class (NCSC) due to his active involvement in the class activities. He also underscores Mind Power Precedes Sea Power. Our Navy is lagging behind but with our strategy, tactics and utilizing what we have we can win battles wherein, he looks at the Vietnamese as the model of true fighting force. That is what he wants to develop to the officers, to carry on the mission of the Philippine Navy. He also emphasizes on the modernization of our navy which is very important and with that, we have a lot of work to do. Taking NCSC is not just for promotion but to be able to handle what is demanded from us, the students of NCSC. He wants us to have a positive outlook on the challenges that we face, to develop a system and a good scheduling of our activities. He also stress that we have a lot of resources and sometimes we do not need to go far to look for what we need. Also, he wants us to generate new ideas, new ideas from old once and fresh view of things, views that can move us, the Navy, forward very fast. If the countries that cause threat to us are moving leap and bounce we cannot afford or merely crawl or walk we have to be running very fast. He also said that we will be future staff officers and commanders and a lot is expected from us in a way. We are the hope of our navy we have to stand up on your own. Moreover, he said what we need are people like you who will be able help us be a navy that will be able to defend our country without aid hopefully. It is for us a matter of pride that we can defend what we have. He also underscore also that dying is not good if you have not done your mission. Mission accomplishment precedes dying a heroic death. And lastly, he bid good luck, challenge us to find the value in the challenge and hope that e will be more useful in our respective units after the course. Body: As I understand from the opening statement of the Commander of Naval Education and Training Command (CENT) the conduct of Naval Command and Staff Course (NCSC) will be taken seriously since it was made serious by the commander himself. He underscores Mind Power Precedes Sea Power. He is correct in saying that We must be first of all sharp of mind so that we must be able to predict or even prevent superior opponents. Since with the present force capability of our Navy we are inferior compared to the overpowers and the only thing we can do is utilized effectively and efficiently what we have with Our God given talent and skills and our unmatched strategy and tactics, we can win battles. Agree with CENT that it is no secret that the Philippine Navy is lagging behind in force capabilities compared to our neighboring countries more particularly those executing or posting threat to our sovereignty and our interest, it is in this light that we should take extra effort in building ourselves up. First of all thru personal positive building, our strength will depend on the viability of our men, women particularly Officers, to develop strategy and tactics. To win battles you will need use what you have. Yes, with what we have in our Navy force capability it is true that we are lagging behind the navy of countries that are executing or posting threat to our sovereignty and our interest but what can we do it is utilize all what we have, we should just make the most out of it. Truly, what we can do is to educate and train our officers, men and women to develop strategy and tactics with the resources that we have. He looks at the Vietnamese as the model of a true fighting Orca, because the Vietnamese can easily overcome and determinable overcome every obstacle. They have beaten the superpowers, they have done their history, beaten the Chinese, Japanese, and the French then before they beaten the United States of America. It is no secret that they were on their pajamas, slippers and straw hats when they were battling the bombers, fighter jets, aircraft carriers, tanks, helicopters and other weapons of the superpowers and in the end they prevail. Not so much with their material resources but more with their spirit and ingenuity of their people. And that is hat he wants for the Naval Command and Staff Course. He wants to develop staff officers that can carry the load the navy requires. Yes the Vietnamese triumph in their battles against the superpowers during that time and they are so proud of that. They have successfully utilized all their resources and they successfully taken all advantage on their side thats why they succeeded. Live that the superpowers during that time have all the resources, that is why they are called superpowers, however they lacks the strategy and tactics that they need to win their battles. And this is also what I expect to attain or enhanced during the course. But it does not stop there, we should also continue our modernization program since Rear Admiral Shares said The Navy now is in the verge of modernizing or actually modernizing and a lot is a matter. We cannot go on thinking that we have no wo rk to do, we have to do a lot of work. While we are modernizing our equipment or upgrading our force capability, building up our personnel capability should also go hand and hand. This is to make sure that we have the right person for the right job and also to utilize our modern equipment properly, effectively and efficiently. Moreover, it is true that taking NCSC is not just for promotion but to be equipped to handle what is demanded from us by the Navy with our modernization programs at hand. Further, modernizing our navy will give a strong posture of our military might to uphold our sovereignty and national interest. Rear Admiral Square wants us to have positive outlook on the challenges that we will be facing. We have to develop a system and a good scheduling of your activities. We have a lot of resources, sometimes we do not need to go far. In life challenges are everywhere, challenges are difficult if it is not it is not a challenge anymore. They are difficult but there is always a way to solve it. It is only up to us to figure out. For me, taking up NCSC is a challenge since some officers do prefer to take their advance courses outside the Navy, for them NCSC is difficult while for those who already finished, it is worth the effort. I believe that I will just do what is required and make extra effort to learn and manage my time so I can cope up with the standards of .NET as what we can see printed on the buildings, Raise the Standards. Also, he wants us to generate new ideas, new ideas from old once and fresh view of things, views that can move us forward very fast. If the countries that cause threat to us are moving leap and bounce we cannot afford or merely crawl or walk we have to be running very fast. For me this means that we should be creative, we should not keep on using those obsolete ideas by our forebears. Their time is already expired and it is already our time now. Remember the saying nothing is constant except changeewe change for the betterment of our Navy, but then again, we should not forget their ideas, thinking and knowledge. We can still improve those ideas to create suitable once during our present time. According to the Rear Admiral, we will be the future staff officers and meanders, and a lot is expected from us in a way. We are the hope of our navy we have to stand up on your own. What we need are people like you who will be able help us be a navy that will be able to defend our country without aid hopefully. It is for us a matter of pride that we can defend what we have. Hopefully when our time comes to be the staff officers and commanders that he is talking about, we were able to fulfill what are the expectations from us. Truly it is a pride and honor to be able to defend our country and people without the aid of other countries. With this I can say that our Navy is Strong and Credible. He also underscore also that dying is not good if you have not done your mission. Mission accomplishment precedes dying a heroic death. It is so easy to die heroically but if you have not done your mission that is useless death. So I want you to look at this mind set because it is so easy for us to abandon things telling that we are brave, we can just face the bullets coming at us but We still have people to protect, We have territories to defend and We have sovereignty to uphold and that requires us to triumph to win. For the Rear Admiral, what understand is that, if you die and failed to accomplish the session it is failure, if you die but accomplished your mission it is good while if you survive and accomplish the mission its better. Same is true with my beliefs, except that it is right to recognize in natty even if you die but failed to accomplish your mission specifically when I knew that at least you die trying. Lastly, Rear Admiral Square bid us the students good luck, challenge us to find the value in the challenge and hope that we will be more useful in our respective units after the course. For me, it will be a rewarding opportunity to be included in this NCSC Class 78 after my almost 3 years stint s a brigade staff in the area Central Mindanao, expecting that will learn a lot from this schooling and plus the eligibility of being promoted as a bonus. Conclusion: In conclusion, truly there are lots of things to be done taking into account our Navy Vision by Year 2020. I will always remember Rear Admiral Square when he said Mind Power Precedes Sea Power. Our Navy is lagging behind our neighboring countries in terms of force capability but with our strategy and tactics we will win battles against the superpowers. So much for the inferiority of the Philippine Navy in terms of force capability we have our Modernization Program for that, for now my task is to be educated and trained in this prestigious institution. With this schooling Im taking, Im looking forward to Raising My Standards for the Philippine Navy. I do believe that everyone can have their fair share in contributing to the Philippine Navy to move forward and I do believe will be exerting a lot of effort to learn much in this Naval Command and Staff Course to help the Philippine Navy attain its mission By 2020: We shall be Strong and Credible Navy that our Maritime Nation can be Proud of. And I hope that our Navy Organization and the Marine Corps will be proud of me in the near future.

Gothenburg Disco Fire Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Gothenburg Disco Fire - Research Paper Example The research included the methodical, participants, equipment, procedure, results, argument and recommendation to the issue. The consequences and outcomes of the Gothenburg disco fire such as death, injuries, and damaged properties are critically analyzed. Moreover, the government had to act and protect the sovereignty and image of Sweden to the rest of the world by taking legal measures to solve the problem. A prosecution on the individuals who were suspected to hold the main responsibility of the inferno was carried out. The number of the guilty and innocent suspects is mentioned and the charges imposed on them. This unit will discuss on a research about the causes of Gothenburg Disco Fire, the consequences of the inferno, and the criminal prosecution on the suspects. The fire was believed to have started on the third flour of the premises of the Macedonian organization, in which the high school students had organized a disco party to celebrate Halloween. According to relevant sources, it is believed that the fire was intentionally started on the stairway facing the emergency exits (Klingsch, 2010). This was the leading cause of the innumerable death causalities, since the emergency exist was not used because of the fierce fire set up. Consequently, there was only one small exit door that did not allow the students escape easily (Klingsch, 2010). The victims were trapped inside the disco hall because of a jam at the door; hence, having no way to pass. The confident youths who did not want to be burnt by the fierce fire opted to jump to save their lives through the windows. The window was estimated to be 5 meters high, making it a challenge to some youths who feared height. It is believed that the fire security was pitiable on the ground, since th ey failed to perform their part adequately despite the fact that they had acted promptly by coming scene early.

Company Law Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Company Law Master - Case Study Example The address of such place will have to be intimated to the Registrar of companies and Madona can find the address of the place from the registrar in case such a regulation has been made in this respect. However Madona should note that under the new provisions "A person seeking access to the register will have to give their name and address and state the purpose for which access is being requested and indicate whether the information will be disclosed. The company can apply to the court for an order that it does not have to comply with the request on the grounds that access is not sought for "a proper purpose"."3 Under the provisions of Section 113 (2) it is necessary for the companies having a share capital to incorporate in the register of members the shares held by each member, with the share numbers if any and also the class of shares where there is more than one class. Hence by the inspection of the register of members of Posh Cars Ltd, Madona may be able to find out the extent of Mr. Cowboy's holdings in the company. Section 353 (1) of the Companies Act 1985 allows the company to maintain the register of members in a place other than the registered office through a notification to this effect. ... However Madona should note that under the new provisions "A person seeking access to the register will have to give their name and address and state the purpose for which access is being requested and indicate whether the information will be disclosed. The company can apply to the court for an order that it does not have to comply with the request on the grounds that access is not sought for "a proper purpose"."3 1.2 Mr. Cowboy's Holdings in Posh Cars Ltd: Under the provisions of Section 113 (2) it is necessary for the companies having a share capital to incorporate in the register of members the shares held by each member, with the share numbers if any and also the class of shares where there is more than one class. Hence by the inspection of the register of members of Posh Cars Ltd, Madona may be able to find out the extent of Mr. Cowboy's holdings in the company. 1.3 Access to Register of Members in the case of a Plc: Section 353 (1) of the Companies Act 1985 allows the company to maintain the register of members in a place other than the registered office through a notification to this effect. However the Registrar will be informed of the address and location of the place where the register of members will be available for inspection. With the proposed amendments in the Companies Act 2006 "persons requesting to inspect or obtain a copy of a company's register will be required to submit a written request to the company, stating their name and address, the purpose for which the information is to be used and whether the information will be disclosed to any other person. It will then be up to the company to decide whether the stated purpose is 'proper' or 'improper' and either fulfil the request within five days or make an

Effect of cashless police in nigeria Essay Example for Free

Effect of cashless police in nigeria Essay Vol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013. Research Article Impact of Cashless Economy in Nigeria *Omotunde Muyiwa1, Sunday Tunmibi,1 and John-Dewole A.T.2 1 School of Computer Science, Mathematics and Information Technology, Houdegbe North American University, Republic of Benin. 2 Department of Computer Science with Electronics, Faculty of Information Technology and Applied Sciences Lead City University, Ibadan. Nigeria. *Corresponding Author’s email: [emailprotected] ABSTRACT This paper studied the impact of cashless policy in Nigeria. The policy was introduced by Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) in December 2011 and was kick-started in Lagos in January 2012. Survey research was adopted with questionnaire as data collection instrument. Responses from the respondents show that cashless policy will increase employment; reduce cash related robbery thereby reducing risk of carrying cash; cashless policy will also reduce cash related corruption and attract more foreign investors to the country. The study, therefore, shows that the introduction of cashless economy in Nigeria can be seen as a step in the right direction. It is  expected that its impact will be felt in modernization of Nigeria payment system, reduction in the cost of banking services, reduction in high security and safety risks and also curb banking related corruptions. Keywords: Cashless economy, Cashless policy, Lagos State, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Cashless economy is an economy where transaction can be done without necessarily carrying physical cash as a means of exchange of transaction but rather with the use of credit or debit card payment for goods and services. The cashless economy policy initiative of the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is a move to improve the financial terrain but in the long run sustainability of the policy will be a function of endorsement and compliance by end-users (Ejiro, 2012). The CBN cash policy stipulates a daily cumulative limit of N150, 000 and N1, 000,000 on free cash withdrawals and lodgments by individual and corporate customers respectively in the Lagos State with effect from March 30, 2012. Individuals and corporate organizations that make cash transactions above the limits will be charged a service fee for amounts above the cumulative limits. Furthermore, 3rd party cheques above N150, 000 shall not be eligible for encashment over the counter with effect from January 1, 2012. Value for such cheques shall be received through the clearing house. All Nigerian banks were expected to cease cash in transit lodgment services rendered to merchant-customers from January 1, 2012. The policy through the advanced use of information technology facilitates fund transfer, thereby reducing time wasted in Bank(s). Wizzit, a fast growing mobile banking company in South Africa has over three hundred thousand customers across South Africa. Likewise, M-PESA was introduced in Kenya as a small value electronic system that is accessible from ordinary mobile phones. It has experienced exceptional growth since its introduction by mobile phone operator (Safaricom) in Kenya in March, 2007 and has already been adopted by nine million customers, which is about 40% of Kenya’s adult population. Wizzit and other mobile financial services including MPESA in Kenya are helping low income Africans make financial transaction across long  distance with their cellphones, thereby reducing their travel cost and eliminating the risks of carrying cash and also avoiding most banking charges (Akintaro, 2012). It is assumed that the proper implementation of mobile phones and other technologies can aid the implementation of cashless policy and hence, the growth of cashless economy in Nigeria. The introduction of the implementation of cashless policy (policy is program of actions adopted by government) began in Lagos State, Nigeria. Why Lagos? According to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2011) Lagos state accounted for 85% of POS and 66% of cheques transaction in Nigeria. Cashless economy aims at reducing the amount of physical cash circulating in the Nigeria economy and thereby encouraging more electronic–based transaction. According to Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN, 2011) the policy is expected to reduce cost incurred in maintaining cash-based economy by 90% upon its full implementation in Nigeria. This study aims to look at the impact of cashless economy in Nigeria. www.gjournals.org 40 Greener Journal of Internet, Information and Communication Systems Vol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013. 2. BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW Cashless economy is not the complete absence of cash, it is an economic setting in which goods and services are bought and paid for through electronic media. According to Woodford (2003), Cashless economy is defined as one in which there are assumed to be no transactions frictions that can be reduced through the use of money balances, and that accordingly provide a reason for holding such balances even when they earn rate of return. In a cashless economy, how much cash in your wallet is practically irrelevant. You can pay for your purchases by any one of a plethora of credit cards or bank transfer (Roth, 2010). (2004) observed that developed countries of the world, to a large extent, are moving away from paper payment instruments toward electronic ones, especially payment cards. Some aspects of the functioning of the cashless economy are enhanced by e-finance, e-money, e-brokering and e-exchanges. These all refer to how transactions and payments are effected in a cashless economy (Moses-Ashike, 2011). Marco and Bandiera (2004) argue that increased usage of cashless banking instruments strengthens monetary policy effectiveness and that the current level of e-money usage does not pose a threat to the stability of the financial system. However, it does conclude that central banks can lose control over monetary policy if the government does not run a responsible fiscal policy. Echekoba and Ezu (2012), in a research carried out in Nigeria, observed that 68.2% of the respondent complained about long queues in the bank, 28.9% complained of bad attitude of teller officers (cashiers) while 2.89% complained of long distance of bank locations to their home or work places. Likewise, in her 24th NCS national conference in December 2011, CBN data shows that 51% of withdrawal done in Nigeria was through automated teller machine (ATM), while 33.6% was through over the counter (OTC) cash withdrawals and 13.6% through Cheques. Payment was also done through point of sales machine (POS) which accounted for 0.5% and web 1.3%. Therefore, if the introduction of ATM in Nigeria cash withdrawals system reduced OTC withdrawal; then it will implies that introduction of cashless policy supported by application of information technology can achieve more to reduce over dependent on cash payment in Nigeria economy system. However, Akhalumeh and Ohioka (2011) observed some challenges with the introduction of cashless policy. Their findings show that 34.0% of the respondents cited problem of internet fraud, 15.5% cited problem of limited POS/ATM, 19.6% cited problem of illiteracy and 30.9% stayed neutral the respondent not been sure of problem been expected or experienced. While in some quarters there was fear of unemployment, some believe it will create more jobs especially when companies manufacturing POS machine are cited in Nigeria. More so, data sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria portal shows that Lagos state, with a population of 17 million people, only has sixty one  Point Of Sales, twenty bank branches and twenty four ATMs per 100,000 people which are far less to satisfy the needs of the population. These data verify the claim of Echekoba and Ezu (2012) on the problem of cash based economy and cashless policy in Nigeria. For effective cashless implementation in Nigeria availability of suffi cient and well-functioning infrastructure (notably electricity), harmonization of fiscal and monetary policy, regular assessment of the performance of cashless banking channels, consideration of the present state and structure of the economy, redesign of monetary policy framework and greater efforts towards economic growth whilst managing inflation should be considered (Odior and Banuso, 2012). 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This study was carried out, using accidental sampling method, in Lagos state, Nigeria. A total of 500 traders, students and civil servants were sampled. Questionnaire was used as data collection instrument, with questions on demographics and benefits of cashless economy in Nigeria. The major statistical technique used was descriptive (use of frequency tables and charts). 4. RESULT 4.1 Demographics responses on gender show that male respondents accounted for 55.6% while the female respondents are 44.4%. Figure 1 and Figure 2 presents the responses on age and occupation, respectively. For age, majority of the respondents are between 18 to 25 years, this is followed by those between 26 to 40 years while the least number are between 41 to 60 years. For occupation of the respondents, the highest percentage (44.4%) is traders, followed by students (33.3%) and civil servants (22.2%). www.gjournals.org 41 Vol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013. Greener Journal of Internet, Information and Communication Systems 41-60 years 22% 18-25 years 45% 26-40 years 33% Figure 1: Age of Respondents 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Traders Students Civil servants Figure 2: Occupation of Respondents 4.2 Benefits Table 1 shows the view of respondents on benefits of cashless economy in Nigeria. The lowest percentage, 11.1% of the respondents, believed that cashless policy will increase employment. A higher percentage, 22.2% of the respondents, believed that cashless policy in Nigeria will reduce cash  related robbery thereby reducing risk of carrying cash. The highest percentage of the respondents believed that cashless policy will reduce cash related corruption (33.3%) and cashless policy will attract more foreign investors to the country (33.3%). Table 1: Benefits of Cashless Economy in Nigeria Benefits of Cashless Economy Increase employment Reduce cash related robbery Reduce cash related corruption Attract more foreign investment Total Percentage (%) 11.1% 22.2% 33.3% 33.3% 100% www.gjournals.org 42 Greener Journal of Internet, Information and Communication Systems Vol. 1 (2), pp. 040-043, April 2013. 5. CONCLUSION The study, impact of cashless economy in Nigeria, focused on the three major categories by which Nigerians can be divided – traders, students and civil servants. More number of traders was sampled, compared to students and civil servants, because they are more into business and financial transactions. More so, a higher number of respondents within the age bracket of 18 and 25 years show that apart from students, quite a number of Nigerian youth are  also into trade. This study shows that the introduction of cashless economy in Nigeria can be seen as a step in the right direction. It is expected that its impact will be felt in modernization of Nigeria payment system, reduction in the cost of banking services as well as reduction in high security and safety risks. This should also include curbing banking related corruptions and fostering transparency. It is also assumed that the introduction of cashless policy in Nigeria will help to reduce the amount of bills and notes circulating in the economy. This should, therefore, reduce handling operation cost incurred on conventional money, as well as reduction in cash related crimes. It should also help to provide easy access to banking services for Nigerians. REFERENCES Akhalumeh, P.B., and Ohiokha, F. (2011): Nigeria’s Cashless Economy; The Imperatives. International Journal of Management Business Studies. vol.2 pp. 12 – 17. Akintaro, S. (2012): Going Cashless. IT Telecom digest, online magazine, august,2012 CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA (2011): Towards a Cashless Nigeria: Tools Strategies. Nigerian Journal of Economy. 3(2), 344 – 350. Echekoba, F.N., and Ezu, G.K. (2012): Electronic Retail Payment Systems: User Acceptability Payment Problems in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business Management Review. vol.5, pp. 60 – 63. Ejiro, O. (2012): What Nigerians Think of the Cashless Economy Policy. Nigerian Journal of Economy. 4(6), 97 – 102. Humphrey, D. B. (2004): ―Replacement of cash by cards in U.S. Consumer Payments, Journal of Economics and Business, 56, 211–225. Marco, A. and L. Bandiera (2004): -Monetary Policy, Monetary Areas and Financial Development with Electronic Money, IMF Working Study, IMF. Moses-Ashike, H. (2011),â€Å"Cashless Economic can Reduce Risk of Carrying Huge Cash†, [Online] Available: http://www.businessdayonline.com/†¦/22217. Odior, E.S., and Banuso, F.B. (2012): Cashless Banking in Nigeria: Challenges, Benefits Policy Implications. European Scientific Journal. Vol 8, pp. 12 – 16. Roth, B. L. (2010). â€Å"The Future of Money: The Cashless Economy – Part 1†. [Online] Available: https://www.x.com//future-money-cashless-economy—part-i. Woodford M. (2003). â€Å"Interest Price: Foundation of a Theory of Monetary Policy†, Princeton University Press. www.gjournals.org 43

Creaitve Story: Desert Island :: essays research papers

Creaitve Story: Desert Island The bright sun pierced through my silted eyelids as I made a feeble attempt to block the burning beams of light with my shaking hand. Unsuccessful, I closed my eyes tightly, shutting out the ball of fire hanging overhead. As my senses returned in a painful blow, I raised myself up slowly, spitting out a mouthful of sand. With a quick glance, I uncovered an interesting fact. All my clothes were gone. Then it came flooding back. Back on the SS. TUNA, I had heard a low rumbling, and then the deck cracked under the force of what must have been a massive explosion. The last thing I could remember was the loud cracking of the ship's hull, and the I blacked out. The blast must have burned my clothes clean off, and threw me on to this desert island. How odd that my clothes were burned off, and I was left without a scratch. Shrugging off the many questions that my mind bombarded me with, I decided to take a tour of the island, and search for a possible means of escape. "OH SHI-!" I stopped myself short of a curse, and looked down at my aching toe. I painfully leaned over and examined the ground around my feet, discovering a 1922 Sears catalogue. Exhausted and hungry, I reached for a coconut from the only tree. I leaned against the palm tree eating the coconut and leafing through the ancient catalogue. Thinking aloud, I muttered, "Gee, I wish I had some clothes". POOF! Magically, I was in the latest fashions of 1922. Hmmm.......could it be? I flipped through the catalogue until I found what I was looking for. POOF! "Wow, I always wanted a bread box". Curious as to what else I could find, I thoroughly searched the catalogue, finding that the sports equipment and hardware sections were torn out, along with a coupon for next years catalogue. I decided that I could use the magic catalogue to get off the island........but how? BINGO! I wished for 20 tables, a kite with a VERY long string, a mattress, a belt, a bathtub and a towel. First, I clogged the bathtub drain with a towel, and laid the mattress on top, and floated it out to the coral. Next, I stacked the tables, so that they reached 60 ft. high. Standing on top of the stack, I flew the kite out to the coral, and snagged it tightly. Pulling the string taunt, I tied it around the table leg, and looped the belt around it, forming a harness.

Daphnia Ecotoxicology Lab Report Essay

Introduction Ecosystems have a way of maintaining themselves under ordinary conditions but when a new factor is added that will most likely threaten the environment action needs to be put forth. Our environment is affected by many pollutants on a daily bases forming a threat to natural stability. For example some of the most polluted parts of the environment are bodies of water like that explained in our lab. Once pollution occurs animals can be affected in many ways even to the brink of death. In the lab the stream is getting pumped with salty potassium filled water that can kill daphnia, habitants of the stream, if the concentration gets too high. To prevent this a real-time assay can be performed. This is a short timed test that we use to measure the effect of pollutant on organism by finding the smallest concentration possible that could still be a bother. This is a valuable tool because we can get direct results from a living organism by detecting stress signals all in a short period of time allowing us o fix the problem quicker. Using an organism for the assay is the best choice because there are many variables that can be used to identify stress on the subject because of a specific input. Materials and Methods Everything is kept the same in every experiment except when concentration differences need to be changed. Meaning all lighting, heating, vibration daphnia numbers will not change to make sure there are minimal changes and differences in the experiments. The sizes of the daphnia are also better to be kept around the same. Daphnia are really quick so picking something to measure in a two-hour interval made it easier to narrow it down to heart rate. Since we can control their space, meaning less area of movement we can see their heart better. This also meant it wouldn’t allow us to measure other things that require a larger area of movement which were the majority of the variables. Chasing down the critters is very hard. Week one was the period of observation where all materials were used while looking at the daphnia so that the variables to be measured are chosen and the methods in how they will be measured are ruled out. Before the lab a handout with information on daphnia should be read to familiarize oneself with the little organisms. For observation we are given a regular microscope, to use with it regular shallow white well plates and a dissecting scope, to use with it a see through 24-well plate. A small amount of water should be added to the both the white wells and about three or four of the clear wells. Now that everything is ready for the daphnia they are to be transferred to the wells be using a pipet that has had its tip cut of to a diameter of about 2-3 mm so the critters aren’t damaged. Write down any observations you see such as variables and movements and any ideas for a possible assay. Week two an assay system will be created using the variable that is chosen versus the concentration of KCl. The concentration we started with, was given, a 1:1 ratio of KCl to pond water meaning that half of the mixture is KCl and half is pond water. To perform this experiment we also need a control that would be 100% pond water. Two regular microscopes are used with the three well white trays. In one tray pond water is added to the three wells, half of the group will look at these and in the other the mixture of 1:1 KCl : pond water is added, the other half of the group will look at these. Daphnia are then transferred using a transfer pipet that has the tip cut to a diameter of 2-3 mm. The experiment needs to start after a 15-minute exposure period maybe shorter because they may start reacting to the different concentrations. Once the slides are in focus view the daphnia to see if there are any changes in the variable if so one partner should start counting while the other is keeping time and writing down results. Every once in a while to keep thing consistent switch who counts and switch around the wells. After the observation period make sure the lights are off so the daphnia aren’t heated and they have enough water, and make sure they don’t get moved around too much. Once the experiment is compare results of KCl concentration versus the control. If something did occur to the daphnia do the KCl concentration experiment but half it, If nothing happened double the concentration. Once you are done take our results and plot them using a T-Test in excel. Week three the daphnia are tested under different concentrations of an herb to see if the herb causes any types of stress on the variable. All of the same methods are done as in week one and two except in preparing the herbal solutions. To prepare the herbal solution the herb needs to be grinded mixed with methanol and left to sit for a few minutes so it can react and separate the important contents of the herb out. In large clear wells the mixture is measured in microliters of 500, 50 and 5, we also measure out 500 of methanol and all of these are left to dry out. Then 5ml of water is added to 5 wells the four including the substances and one without. The methanol only and water only wells are our controls once this is finished the variables are measured like in the previous experiments. Results (on graphs and tables) Discussion Daphnia are very easily affected by even the smallest amount of KCl slowing down their heart rate compared to our controls. Our 1:4 ratio of KCl still slightly affected the heart rate of our daphnia. The daphnia give a clear and quick report on the environmental condition this is why they are good to experiment on.

CCOT Essay Europe America Africa Essay

The Renaissance in Western Europe marked the end of the Middle Ages and the start of Europe’s rise as a global power. The various States in Western Europe became more centralized, and monarchs exercised more control over their subjects. Christopher Columbus’s voyage to America and his return truly began the new age of exploration for Europe. This New World discovery greatly altered the lives of Native Americans, forcing them to live with colonists and people they had never been in contact with. Meanwhile, Prince Henry’s expeditions opened up new opportunities for trade in Africa. Through the period of 1492-1750, many things changed but parts of life stayed the same such as the European domination and the presence of trade in Africa. New contacts among Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas, however, led to interaction that has evolved greatly over the span of time. The new contacts and increased trade directly cause the rise in power in the Middle-Class in Europe. Throughout the feudal period, the control of the power and wealth was in the hands of the Nobles. As trade with Africa and the Americas increased, however, a new merchant class rose. As the new class became wealthier, they began to agitate for political power, sparking large battle like the 1789 French Revolution. The social changes in the Americas were unprecedented. The diseases brought over that the Europeans were so used to like measles and smallpox decimated the Native Americans because they had no previous contact with those illnesses. One example of this is when disease infested blankets were gifted to the Aztecs by Hernan Cortez during his quest to conquer them. These tactics were then later used to take down the Incas. Native Americans were suppressed into being slaves and or servants to the Europeans. A similar trend occurred in North America. Unlike the Aztecs or Incas, North American natives were decentralized, and loosely organized by tribes. Columbus’s initial subjugation of the Haitians, forcing them to mine gold, set a precedent for future domination. Africa was greatly affected by the slave trade. Large, constant amounts of labor were needed on the Spanish and Portuguese sugarcane plantations, and Native American populations were often unable or unwilling to work as slaves. Especially after Bartolome de las Casas’s campaign against the enslavement of Native Americans, the Europeans were desperate another source of cheap labor. Because of this, the Atlantic slave trade began, beginning a long and cruel period of time where as many as 12 million slaves for transported from Africa to the Americas. This mass slave trade had both positive and negative effects on African society. Although slavery was cruel and abusive, the money some empires acquired from working with the Europeans enabled them to create stronger relations and improve overall. Despite the massive change taking place, there were various aspects of life that stayed the same. In Western Europe, the large gap between the rich and the poor was still present; even though a stronger and more powerful middle class had developed, the power was still in the hands of an elite tier of people. Literally every West Europe country was controlled by a monarchy, with barely any representation. In Britain for example, only 2% of the population could vote due to restrictions and laws. In the Americas, many tribes were still able to keep their traditional way of life. Usually, tribes unsettled by the British settlers in North America migrated westward, and since the French had yet to take control of the Louisiana Territory, they were free to continue with their traditional methods. Africa was still almost completely free. It wasn’t until the 1880’s that Africa started to become majorly colonized. Though they were less powerful than the Western Europeans, the African nations remained independent and were directly reliant on trade In conclusion; the interaction between Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas resulted in both change and continuity. A major trend that is irreversible was the newfound connection between regions. Columbus joined the New World with Europe, creating a strong relationship that still stands today. Therefore, interaction between 1492 and 1750 set a precedent for future actions.

American Nuclear Weapons Testing essays

American Nuclear Weapons Testing essays American policymakers in the late 1940s debated the very controversial topic of nuclear weapons testing on American soil. Previously, American policymakers such as Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) head Sumner Pike stated that "only a national emergency could justify testing in the United States" (Ball 27-28). As the Soviet Union and communism expanded half a world away, hostilities broke out in Korea, which authorities asserted was a national emergency that would warrant nuclear testing on American soil. Authorities within the AEC believed that to maintain nuclear superiority and preserve national security, nuclear tests would have to be conducted in the continental United States. The Nevada Test Site (NTS) was chosen for a few primary reasons: it was a flat area with little rainfall to minimize radioactive fallout, the winds traditionally blew east towards the relatively "uninhabited" portions of Nevada and Utah and away from the heavy population concentrations of the West coast (C heney 36). Nuclear weapons' testing was essential for national security, yet it was not necessary for these tests to take place within the continental United States. Testing at the Nevada Test Site began in early 1951, and within the next seven years, 90 nuclear explosions occurred in the Nevada desert. The ominous result of these tests was the distribution of radioactive particles throughout the United States with areas in eastern Nevada and southern Utah especially affected (Some Questions 1). The tests were conducted to enhance the American nuclear arsenal – the goal wasn't only to achieve the biggest bomb, it included the development of tactical nuclear devices that could be used on the battlefield against enemy troops without causing harm to friendly troops. As Glenn Cheney, a radioactivity researcher and author, comments on the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union, "To fall behind, to become weaker, might be to practi...

Macromolecule Definition and Examples

Macromolecule Definition and Examples In chemistry and biology, a  macromolecule is defined as a molecule with a very large number of atoms. Macromolecules typically have more than 100 component atoms. Macromolecules exhibit very different properties from smaller molecules, including their subunits, when applicable. In contrast, a micromolecule is a molecule which has a small size and molecular weight. The term macromolecule was coined by Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger in the 1920s. At the time, the term polymer had a different meaning than it does today, or else it might have become the preferred word. Macromolecule Examples Most polymers are macromolecules and many biochemical molecules are macromolecules. Polymers consist of subunits, called mers, that are covalently linked to form larger structures. Proteins, DNA, RNA, and plastics are all macromolecules. Many carbohydrates and lipids are macromolecules. Carbon nanotubes are an example of a macromolecule that is not a biological material.

Walmart VS. Target Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walmart VS. Target - Research Paper Example An ancient business analyst, Fernandez, in his publication once depicted that business and humankind are inseparable (98). This shows that the success of business entities and that of humankind are dependant of each other. With the increasing need to sustain human need, numerous business entities have been put in place. The quality and manner of delivery of the products determine the success the organizations realize. It is arguable that human needs are better satisfied when there is free entry and exit into the market. This increases competition, lowering the product’s prices and ensuring better services and service delivery (Chapman 15). In the competition of big box retailers, it is hard for two different firms such as Wal-Mart and Target to achieve the same kind of success in their operation. The first factor that makes Wal Mart to be rated above target is that Wal-Mart provides locally grown products, products that provide energy efficiently, and policies of innovative internal recycling (Kipple, et. al. 174). This has made the company dominate in the market. However, it does not have fair policies for its workers and the wage rate hourly of $10.76 is arguably not impressive. The number of employees at Wal-Mart is around 2.1 million. This proves that the progress of the company is very evident (Murphy 57). Further, the company has expanded to 15 countries with 8,100 retail units. This means that the firm has won a bigger market share than Target. The average revenue recorded by the firm totals $405.6 billion annually. The annual revenue is the commonly used determinant of the company’s success. This means that the firm is successful. From Schwartz Ariel’s article, Sustainability Faceoff: Walmart vs. Target, the number of employees in Target is approximatel y 351,000, which is relatively lower than Wal-Mart. In the entire United States, the firm has initiated stores in 48 states, bringing the retail units to 1,684 stores. This

Nuclear generators Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuclear generators - Term Paper Example According to the Nuclear Science Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: â€Å"Fusion is a nuclear process in which two light nuclei combine to form a single heavier nucleus. An example of a fusion reaction important in thermonuclear weapons and in future nuclear reactors is the reaction between two different hydrogen isotopes to form an isotope of helium: Fission is a nuclear process in which a heavy nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. An example of a fission reaction that was used in the first atomic bomb and is still used in nuclear reactors is: The products shown in the above equation are only one set of many possible product nuclei. Fission reactions can produce any combination of lighter nuclei so long as the number of protons and neutrons in the products sum up to those in the initial fissioning nucleus.† (LBNL, 2011) Because of the nature of the source materials involved in the fusion reaction, mainly Helium and Hydrogen, the danger of radioactivity is n on-existent compared to the fission processes involving Uranium and Plutonium, elements with long half-lives and radiation emissions. Fission reactions run on fuel rods of Uranium, yet the â€Å"spent† fuel rods which are no longer concentrated enough to maintain reactions at critical mass will have to be maintained and stored for thousands of years despite emitting radioactivity as part of the decay cycle. Because of this, nuclear fusion is still viewed as a possibility to provide unlimited, â€Å"clean† energy based on nuclear reactions similar to those occurring in the sun, while nuclear fission reactions based on Uranium and Plutonium fuel power plants across the world in practical application, but long term concerns exist about the safety of the radioactive waste materials over time as the elements continue to decay and emit harmful radiation into the environment. â€Å"Plutonium-239 is one of the two fissile materials used for the production of nuclear weapons a nd in some nuclear reactors as a source of energy. The other fissile material is uranium-235. Plutonium-239 is virtually nonexistent in nature. It is made by bombarding uranium-238 with neutrons in a nuclear reactor. Uranium-238 is present in quantity in most reactor fuel; hence plutonium-239 is continuously made in these reactors. Since plutonium-239 can itself be split by neutrons to release energy, plutonium-239 provides a portion of the energy generation in a nuclear reactor. Plutonium belongs to the class of elements called transuranic elements whose atomic number is higher than 92, the atomic number of uranium. Essentially all transuranic materials in existence are manmade. The atomic number of plutonium is 94. Plutonium has 15 isotopes with mass numbers ranging from 232 to 246. Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons in their nuclei but differ by the number of neutrons. Since the chemical characteristics of an element are governed by the number of protons in the nucleus, which equals the number of electrons when the atom is electrically neutral (the usual elemental form at room temperature), all isotopes have nearly the same chemical characteristics. This means that in most cases it is very difficult to separate isotopes from each other by chemical techniques. Only two plutonium isotopes have commercial and military applications. Plutonium-238, which is made in nuclear reactors from neptunium-237, is used to make compact

Press Releases and Persuasion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Press Releases and Persuasion - Assignment Example The real battle according to some sources centers on cultural forces of godlessness since the various cultural values at some point leave little room for God and at the same time pay less attention to His word. Religions of the world have different teachings and concepts concerning deity. Most religions believe in some supernatural source of power which in some cases is presented in form of Gods or Goddesses. However, every belief has equal stronger attachments to their gods justifying superiority of their own religions based on traditions. Various religions have different deity which they believe in. Buddhism believes in atheism, whereby they totally reject any possibility of God’s existence. Others included in Atheist group are Unitarians and Universalists. Hinduism is considered Henotheist where they believe in many deities where they consider only one to be supreme deity (Viren et al. 1). For instance, paying less attention to religious tolerance led to ignorance on contemptuous issues amongst Christians and Jews. A good example can be drawn from the holocaust issue where religious leaders reacted in different ways. During this period Christians believed that Jews contributed so much in the confusion experienced in their society through destruction of biblical truth like the rock of Peter and were viewed as the generators of the evils of capitalism as well as communism. Christianity as a religion lay claims on the fact that their religion provides ways to forgiveness of sins and attainment of salvation. However, such claims are not acceptable by all Christians hence leading to divergent beliefs causing denial of some crucial life principles. This has since led to vices such as racism and anti-Semitism hence denial of human equality. The same case has been experienced in CAR where Christians battle Muslims resulting in widespread religious conflict

Animals Should Be Used in Scientific Research Essay Example for Free

Animals Should Be Used in Scientific Research Essay Over 100 million animals are used every year in the United States as models in biological and medical research to study human disease, injury, development, psychology, and anatomy and physiology. Research involving animals has played a vital role in virtually every major medical advance of the last century. Even today, there is no complete alternative to biomedical research with animals. The vast majority of research animals are mice and rats bred for this purpose. Dogs, cats, and non-human primates together account for less than one-half of one percent of the total, and this number has declined for more than 25 years. Since 1979, the number of dogs and cats needed in animal research has declined by more than 50%. The number of non-human primates needed represents less than .2% (.18% in 2004) and has remained relatively constant—in the 50,000 per year range—for the past decade. History The history behind animals being used in scientific research is that is started In Europe and in the US by the early 1900s and especially during and following World War I the benefits of animal research continued to be recognized. Following the Nuremberg Trials for atrocities by the Nazis during World War II, society spoke loudly demanding no research on humans until animal research had made such research a reasonable risk. Today, the majority of people in our society do agree with the idea of the humane and responsible use of animals in research. There is safeguard standards for scientific studies on animals * The USDA has set forth federal regulations governing the care and use of animals in biomedical research that are considered even more extensive than those covering human research subjects. * The Animal Welfare Act sets standards of care for research animals with regard to their housing, feeding, cleanliness, ventilation, and medical needs and requires the use of anesthesia or analgesic drugs for potentially painful procedures and during post-operative care. * The US Public Health Service Act requires that all institutions receiving research funds from NIH, FDA, or CDC adhere to the standards set out in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. * Institutions must follow detailed animal care recommendations and establish an IACUC to ensure that all animals are treated responsibly and humanely Some people think that all animals that are in scientific research are in pain or distress while undergoing the research that is not necessarily true. The 2004 USDA Annual Report reveals that 57% of all research procedures with animals involved no more than slight or momentary pain or distress (i.e., an injection). In 34% of research procedures anesthesia and postoperative painkillers were used. In 9% of the procedures, neither anesthesia nor pain medication could be used, as they would have interfered with research results. Scientific Perspectives Here are 4 reasons why animals are used in research: 1. The principles of anatomy and physiology are true for humans and animals, especially mammals. Once scientists learned that animals were similar to humans, in physiology and anatomy, it became preferable to use animals rather than humans for preliminary research. 2. Certain strains or breeds of animals get the same diseases or conditions as humans. Animal Models are frequently critical to understanding a disease and developing appropriate treatments. 3. Research meant introducing one variable and observing the results of that one item. With animals we can control their environment (temperature, humidity, etc.), and shield them from diseases or conditions not related to the research (control their health). Although human and animals get the disease that may be the subject of a research investigation, the different life styles or living conditions make them poor subjects until preliminary research under controlled conditions has been done. 4. We can use scientifically-valid numbers o f animals. Data from one animal or human is not research; it is a case study. To scientifically test a hypothesis, an adequate number of subjects must be used to statistically test the results of the research. Some individuals claim that we should use human or animals that have a disease to study that disease. Certainly, epidemiological studies (tracking the occurrence of a disease or condition) have provided many important insights into the cause of a disease or a condition, especially when an environmental aspect is responsible. However, epidemiological studies are successful in only a limited number of situations. Only if the study of a disease is severely hindered or not possible when the research subjects have been/are exposed to a variety of environmental factors. According to the American Medical Association, humans are the most frequently used animal in research. However, research studies conducted on humans follow preliminary studies conducted in animals. These animal studies make human studies a reasonable risk. The animal studies are not a guarantee of success, but they do tell us that the human research has a reasonable probability of success.

The Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt Navel Base Essay -- European E

The Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt Navel Base Most popular uprisings in recent history have been characterized by a brief period of incredible potential and hope, only to collapse in failure and despair. Even the supposedly 'successful' Russian Revolution of 1917 followed this pattern. Revolutionaries threw off centuries of imperial rule and oppression in order to create a new world of freedom, peace and equality... only to end up with Stalin, purges, gulags, dekulakization - and ultimately decades of Bolshevik1 rule and oppression. Although it can sometimes be disheartening to review this long history of failure and oppression, valuable insights can be gained by investigating these past revolutions. The achievements and promise of the revolutionaries can be studied and their strengths marked. The weaknesses that led to their eventual defeat and decay must also be understood, so that the same mistakes are not made again. This article will address these themes in the context of the Russian Revolution at the Kronstadt navel base.2 Kronstadt deserves special attention for several reasons. The workers, soldiers and sailors at Kronstadt used the Revolution to build "a bustling, self-governing, egalitarian and highly politicized Soviet democracy, the like of which had not been seen in Europe since the days of the Paris Commune."3 This was the great promise of Kronstadt, which Trotsky praised as "the pride and glory of the Russian Revolution."4 Nowhere in Russia, however, was the failure of the revolution so dramatically illustrated as at Kronstadt. After the Bolsheviks consolidated their control of the base in mid-1918, Kronstadt made one last "desperate attempt to restore and reactivate its radical Soviet democracy."5 This... ...or illegally celebrating May Day. 13. Quoted in Getzler, Kronstadt 1917 - 1921 , 18. 14. Ibid., 22 - 26. 15. Ibid., 23 - 24. 16. Ibid., 246 - 247. 17. Ibid., 22 - 24. 18. Ibid., 248. 19. Ibid., 49. 20. Ibid., 36 - 37. 21. Ibid., 42, 254. 22. Ibid., 50, 36. 23. Ibid., 251. 24. Ibid., 58. 25. Ibid., 119. 26. Ibid., 181, 250. 27. Ibid., 186 - 187. 28. Ibid., 188. 29. Ibid., 190 - 191. 30. Ibid., 202. 31. Ibid., ix. 32. Ibid., 204. 33. Avrich, Kronstadt 1921, 78 - 81. 34. Ibid., 75 - 76. 35. Ibid., 5. 36. See, for instance, David Schaich, Kronstadt 1921: An Analysis of Bolshevik Propaganda (Unpublished, 2001), http://halogen.note.amherst.edu/~daschaich/writings/academic/kronstadt1921.html 37. Figes, A People's Tragedy, 768. 38. Avrich, Kronstadt 1921, 3. 39. Ibid., 229. 40. Getzler, Kronstadt 1917 - 1921, 46. 41. Ibid., 246. 42. Ibid., 252.

Medical Billing and Coding

Medical Billing and Coding Medical billing and coding is one of today’s high paying careers. The definition for Medical – code is descriptions that physicians and the heath care providers, and facilities use to describe healthcare procedures and diagnosis into numeric or alphanumeric designations. Coding is the descriptions of diseases, injuries and procedures into numeric or alphanumeric codes, there are three basic steps in locating codes. First we locate the term in the Alphabetic Index, then verify the code number in the Tabular list, finally assign the code when it has been verified by the physician and the coder. We must locate the term in the Alphabetic Index. In coding the correct codes and to be paid by the insurance company the coder must code accurately and precisely so the first step in coding it to locate the main tern in the Alphabetic Index of the coding book. If a main term cannot be located, then try searching for sub terms, notes, or cross- reference. A coder can refer to any notes in the Alphabetic Index. When the code is located it must be verify in the Tabular list coder then will review the title of the chapter, section, and category to make sure that the correct code has been identified. The coder will read and follow instructional notes and refer to any other codes as instructed if the coder is unsure it is then discuss with the physician. Once the main term is verified the coder then will assign the code to be used for several different reasons: reporting medical necessity for services performed, identifying conditions to alert the healthcare provider, and to supply date for clinical care, research and education purposes. â€Å"The importance of consistent, complete documentation in the medical record cannot be overemphasized. Without documentation accurate coding cannot be achieved. †

My Personal Learning Styles

My Personal Learning Style Learning has been going on since the beginning of human kind and is still going on in today’s world. While in the beginning they did not study how they learned they still accomplished many things. Now we study how we learn so that we can hopefully learn more efficiently to accomplish things beyond our wildest dreams. Today I took to learning style quizzes in hopes of learning more about my personal learning styles so that I may improve myself. Today in this essay we will explore learning styles that equate with a preferred bodily sense through which one receives information.The three that are the most popular and explored are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. Gaining knowledge about things that connect to the real world that we walk in everyday is of great interest to me. In saying that, I chose to pursue a degree in Public Health, because it something I see every day and became very intrigued by. My chose to obtain a degree also came out of wanting to better myself and the people around me. A very important reason that I wanted to acquire my degree is so that I could be more financially capable to providing a comfortable life for my family.Finishing a Bachelor’s Degree in Public Health would also give me a great deal of pride in myself. The two quizzes that I took today were the Felder and Soloman Quiz and the Learning Styles Quiz. They both gave me some good insight to how I learn and suggestions to help me learn more efficiently in any leaning environment. The results from the Felder and Soloman quiz showed me that I was reflective, sensing, verbal, and sequential which seemed to very accurate (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). As a reflective learner I prefer to think it through quietly, working alone, and taking notes while listening to lectures (Felder & Soloman, n. . ). Being a Sensor tells me that I tend to enjoy learning about facts to the real world, solving problems with well-established methods, and I am patient wi th details (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). Verbal learning is something I have always enjoyed I just get more out of words–written and spoken explanations (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ). Writing out or seeing steps in my head while trying to process information points to sequential learning where the learner tends to follow logical stepwise paths in finding solutions (Felder & Soloman, n. d. ).The learning styles quiz focused on visual, auditory and kinesthetic learning styles which made it very straight forward. After taking this quiz the results showed me to be more of an auditory learner with sixty-four percent. As far as visual and kinesthetic learning both of the percentages were at eighteen percent so I definitely lean towards one method. As an auditory learner you prefer to learn by listening and often recall the words you've heard in your mind (Penn State, 2010). This quiz brought to my attention that while taking a written test, I am slow because of speaking to myself as you read (Penn State, 2010).The results of the quizzes that I took were very enlightening to me since I was of the belief that I really did not lean towards one learning style. Felder and Solomans’ quiz was the best out of the two that I experienced today because it was so full of information. I especially like that it gives you helpful tips on how to learn better with the learning styles that you have. Taking the quizzes today helped me better understand my learning style which I know will help me down the line while trying to learn anything.Basically what this essay boils down to is everyone has different ways of learning whether it is auditory, sensing or reflective. Knowing how I learn can be a very helpful tool in my success to completely my degree. Taking a quiz to learn about my learning style proved to be very insightful into my tactics taken while studying. In the end knowledge is power and knowing how to pour it into your mind with understanding is priceless. Reference s: http://www. engr. ncsu. edu/learningstyles/ilsweb. html http://www. howtolearn. com/learning-styles-quiz

Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs

Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs Hitachi is a leading global electronic company commonly known as Hitachi Global Storage Technologies (Hitachi GST). It specializes in the manufacture of hard disc drives, external storage solutions as well as solid state drives. These components are commonly used to handle wide array of data. For instance, data can be generated, stored, processed, retrieved and also disseminated using these components.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally, this company also offers myriad of products, systems and services which are used in data management. Some of these products include electronic devices, information systems, power and industrial systems, financial and logistics services as well as consumer products. Hitachi Company has a wide range of internal and external hard disc drives which offer a satisfactory storage capacity to meet the demand of tech savvy modern users. The drives therefore let one backup and synchronize important data. These drives are known to be reliable and fast enough in terms of speed thus meeting the needs of the consumers. Hitachi has a variety of hard drives and each variety has unique characteristics. Deskstar T7K500 which is a 3.5 inch hard disk drive has a formatted capacity of 250 to 500 GB and works at a speed of 7200 RPM. The disc drive works under a temperature of between 0-60 degrees centigrade and a humidity of 8-90%. The drive is made of sub-drives that are advantageous in that they require minimal running and spinning power and less cooling of the drive. It is also capable of spinning down drives that are not being used at a certain time. In terms of memory, the disc drives possess large Processing memory. Hitachi disk driveAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addit ion to this, the drive possesses data integrity in that in case of power loss, Customers’ data is not lost. It has no preventitive maintenance and can withstand 50,000 Start and stop cycles. Moreover, it has a data recovery system. All these Functional characteristics make the device highly reliable.1 Another organization where the same innovative principle is evidenced is ‘Cake Crumbs’ in Denver. This is a three years old baking company with a notable expansion over the past few years. Apart from cakes, they also make salads and sandwiches. As a result, their supply market has widened with time. They are dedicated to making their customers happy through their services that even involve making deliveries to customers’ residences. In addition to this, they make sure they share news about their products together with any happenings around. They are keen to customers’ suggestions and feedback.2   The shop has made use of a variety of ingredients sour ced from the locality and this has consequently resulted to expansion of its menus to meet demand. Cake baking and decorations scientifically and visionary art forms are employed. The success of ‘Cake Crumbs’ can also be attributed to its creative, experienced, focused and professional employees. In summing up, it is imperative to mention that the invention of the Hitachi disc drives has contributed a lot to the growth of information technology. Its reliability, environmental adaptations, storage and memory capacity among other features increases its suitability across the board. As far as Cake Crumb is concerned, it is definitely an aspect to reckon with. Many businesses can borrow from it. Finally, the following measures are highly recommended: 3 Introduction and distribution of the drives in various geographical locations. Sensitization of both active and prospect consumers through strategic marketing. Marketing of Cake Crumb products to other areas of Colorado an d neighboring countries. The cakes can also be delivered to consumers within their localities in order to reduce physical distance. In addition, sustainable raw materials (ingredients) can be purchased from affordable or less expensive sources. It is important to utilize a lot of media attention techniques for marketing and sustainability. Mostly, the extensive use of social media by the Cake Crumb Company is positive and a good step for extensive marketing. Use of Hitachi disc drives that are relatively smaller in size. Conclusion The companies analyzed have several aspects in common. Most of the similarities relate to techniques of enhancing relevance and sustainability in the market. The following are some of comparisons that can be drawn from the two companies:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sustainability on Hitachi and Cake Crumbs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Both companies embrace creativity and innovat iveness as key to remaining relevant in the market. Hitachi Company has drives that are customized and can meet the demands from tech savvy customers. Cake Crumb Company utilizes the social media as a way of capturing both existing and prospective customers. This is creative because it places the company relevant for long. According to Chasser and Wolfe, companies must use available media attention techniques and unique characteristics to maintain their relevance. 4 The two companies have effective customer services. Cake Crumb company has a program that taps suggestions and feedbacks from the customers. The company then tries as much as possible to offer its customers some of their preferences as a form of retaining them. Hitachi Company has myriad of services, systems and products that are at disposals. This kind of variety ensures that customers can easily obtain what they actually need at any given time. The company also customizes some of its products to fit the taste and prefe rences of consumers. It is crucial to mention that good customer service is necessary in any business operation bearing in mind that no single business organization can remain relevant in the market without the positive input of consumers. The two companies are well endowed with strategic business marketing as well as business connecting. The latter is a fundamental form of marketing any kind of company. Most importantly, the direction taken is mainly customer based. It seeks to analyze the needs, tastes and preferences of consumers and streamlining production accordingly.5 The use of social media and widening of the market by Cake Crumb is one way of moving closer to the targeted consumers who are supposed to understand the products being offered in the market and possibly make necessary choices. Hitachi, on the other hand, is keenly focusing on Corporate Social Responsibility especially in management of the environment. Both companies have variety of products for their customers. The element of variety in both product and service portfolio has been utilized by both companies as a marketing strategy of not only maintaining their customers but also attracting new ones.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Chaser, Anne Wolfe, Jennifer. Brand rewired: Connecting Branding, creativity, and intellectual property strategy. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc, 2010. Estes, Jonathan. Smart green: how to implement sustainable business practices in any industry and make money. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2009. Jose, San. â€Å"Hitachi Inspire the Next†. Hitachi. Web. Lichtenthal, David. Fundamentals of business marketing education: A guide for university-level faculty and policymakers. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc, 2004. Team Cake-Crumbs. Pie, â€Å"Beautiful Pie†. Cake Crumbs. Web. Footnotes 1 San Jose, â€Å"Hitachi Inspire the Next†. Hitachi. 2 Team Cake-Crumbs. Pie, â€Å"Beautiful Pie†. Cake Crumbs. 3 Jonathan Estes. Smart green: how to implement sustainable business practices in any industry and make money. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, 2009,pp. 140-141. 4 Anne Chaser Wolfe, Jennifer. Brand rewired: Connecting Branding, creativity, and intellectual p roperty strategy. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc, 2010.p. 62. 5David Lichtenthal. Fundamentals of business marketing education: A guide for university-level faculty and policymakers. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc, 2004. p.28.