Essay History of the War on Drugs - 900 Words

Analysis Starting in 1914 the U.S introduced the first probation acts that prohibited the consumption of Opiates and Cocaine with the Harrison Narcotics act of 1914 Later this act was amended to include marijuana. This Act was the first use of federal criminal law in the United Sates to attempt to deal with the nonmedical use of drugs (wisegeek). The war of drugs started primarily in the 1971 when Nixon declared the war on drugs. He dramatically increased the size and presence of federal drug control agencies (Drug Policy). With the first major organized drug imports from Columbia from the Black Tuna Gang based in Miami, Florida Columbia was quickly growing into a drug superpower able to feed America’s growing addictions. With the†¦show more content†¦This act allowed the government to seize things of value furnished or intended to be furnished by any person in exchange for a controlled substance [and] all proceeds traceable to such an exchange (PBS). The leader Pablo Escobar was always fighting for power within the Colombian government. The U.S decided to work with the Colombian government to establish an extradition treaty between the countries in 1979 (United States Congress ). This treaty would allow the U.S to extradite the cartel traffickers for a trial in the U.S. This caused Pablo to attack the government and this ultimately caused the Medellin cartel’s downfall. In the early 1990’s the cartel’s leaders were apprehended and the leader Pablo Escobar was killed in a firefight after having to run for his life. (PBS2). The Cali Cartel was an established in 1972 and prospered until 1992. After the downfall of the Medellin Cartel the Cali Cartel quickly filled their shoes becoming the most powerful cartel. La Times quoted the Cali Cartel â€Å"Once the richest and most powerful crime syndicate in the world.† (Rempel). This cartel was very sophisticated. Instead of using violence to get what they want they used business. They quietly funded presidential elections to the leaders they wanted. They had lawyers Study the DEA and U.S prosecutors to be 1 step ahead of everyone. The Cali Cartel fell as a direct result of U.S law enforcement operations and diplomatic pressure (Rempel). ItShow MoreRelatedHistory on the War on Drugs Essay1788 Words   |  8 Pages26, 2010 History of the War on Drugs The war on drugs has been an ongoing fight that many presidents and foreign allegiances have tried to stop the trafficking, distribution and use of illegal drugs into the United States and around the world. Policy and laws have been created and maintained and changed to try and prevent illegal drugs being made in other countries as well as the United States and from being brought across the borders into the United States. The punishment for the drug traffickersRead Moreâ€Å"The War On Drugs Is A Big Fucking Lie†. In Recent History,1560 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The war on drugs is a big fucking lie† In recent history, there has been much rhetoric surrounding the eradication of cross-border drug trafficking. The â€Å"war on drugs† was introduced in the 1970s by Nixon, who wanted to eliminate the drugs coming into the United States, since they were seen by him as a threat to our nation. Many laws have been enacted with the purpose keeping illicit drugs out of the United States, yet they do so through the use of nativist ideology, which upholds white supremacyRead MoreA Brief Note On The War On Drugs1356 Words   |  6 PagesRachael Radvansky Sociology 101 War on Drugs February 28, 2017 The War on Drugs can be a very controversial topic to different people around the world. Everyone is entitled to their own opinion, and I fully respect that. Some people say that the War on Drugs is a waste of time and money while others are very concerned about the different drugs that are coming into the United States. It still amazes me that people are continuing to take/do drugs when they see and hear about how many people haveRead MoreWar on Drugs818 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstatement to the punishments given to drug dealers for their drug related offenses. Mandatory minimum drug sentencing was arguably established to target higher level drug dealers but recently the majority of cases have been low level drug dealers. Distributing narcotics is a serious offense, but do these people who are trying to support themselves, a family, or an addiction deserve to spend close to a lifetime incarcerated? During the 1960’s drugs became a symbol of â€Å"youthful rebellion, socialRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violenceRead MoreDrugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System1396 Words   |  6 PagesFrank Herton CJ411: Drugs and Alcohol in the Criminal Justice System Unit 2 Assignment May 1, 2012 Drug and alcohol abuse has been around as long as humans have been around. People have always had the desire to use substances to make them feel relaxed or stimulated. So because drugs and alcohol have always been existent, they have always been a part of our American culture through politics, media and advertising, and other American concepts. The time period of 1950-2000 was exceptionally activeRead MoreDrug Addiction : History, Laws, And Treatment Essay1570 Words   |  7 Pages Drug Addiction, History, Laws, and Treatment Drug Addiction itself affects almost  ­Ã¢â‚¬ Twenty-three million Americans are currently addicted to alcohol and/or other drugs. Only one in 10 percent of them (2.6 million) receives the treatment they need. The result: a treatment gap of more than 20 million Americans†(Writer, B. J. 2010). Drug Addiction is it truly a disease or a choice? Many state authority figures say it s a choice not a disease much of science says it s a choice disease, both inRead MoreThe War On Drugs And The United States956 Words   |  4 PagesThe War on Drugs has become an epidemic today that has afflicted in the United States and the United Nations; both are influenced by international drug laws which preserve the criminal justice system. These new laws promote an ineffective policies on the war on drugs. Therefore, communities are locked while the promotion of illicit drugs become the dominate framework to organized crimes. Today, the war on drugs continues to be an ongoing battle within our society. This paper will examine these issuesRead MoreArgumentative Essay On War On Drugs1515 Words   |  7 Pages War On All Drugs The War on Drugs has been a long and difficult road for humankind. So many drugs exist today, from street drugs to recreational use to prescription and over-the-counter medications. They all affect anyone who uses them. Some give you an inebriated high and if overused and can lead to death. Drugs that were originally intended to cure an illness or disease are being combined to form an illegal substance. When it comes to curing the illness that was made by the drug, rehabilitationRead MoreRace For Nonviolent Drug Offenses Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesput in place in the South and Midwest for drugs directed towards minorities. For the purposes of this essay I want to look at race when describing how race disproportionately plays in the legal system for nonviolent drug offenses. In America since 1970 since Nixon declared a war on drugs and the introduction of crack cocaine in the 80s America there has seen a rise of prison inmates. The majority of the inmates are minorities being c harged with nonviolent drug offenses. As result, I would like to examine

The Nature of Man, the Renaissance, and the Protestant...

Europe was a tumultuous region in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. In particular, the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation both introduced radical intellectual and religious ideas that challenged centuries of established doctrine. This period corresponded with a great surge in philosophical, political, and religious writing. Among the most influential thinkers of the time were the Italian humanist Leon Battista Alberti, the Florentine politician Niccolà ² Machiavelli, and the German monk Martin Luther. Alberti wrote in a time of humanist thought and economic prosperity, Machiavelli in a time of growing political instability and economic uncertainty in Italy, and Luther in a time dominated by an increasingly corrupt†¦show more content†¦Leon Battista Alberti’s On the Family (1435) is a dialogue between the brothers of a wealthy merchant-banking Italian family at the deathbed of the patriarch. Alberti, one of the original humanists, puts forward an optimist ic view of human nature through the characters’ discussion about the correct way to run a family. Although his family was exiled from Florence, the ban had been lifted and Alberti had gone back home and then on to Rome before be began writing On the Family (RWC, 78). His optimism reflects the newfound faith in the ancients held by those in Renaissance Italy, and his family’s great fortune. Alberti opens his dialogue with: â€Å"[N]ature strives to produce all things as complete, both in inherent strength and in various members, as is fitting and proper, with no defects or imperfections†¦we can affirm with certainty that all mortals are endowed by nature with the ability to love and to put into practice even the most praised virtue (virtà ¹). And virtue is nothing else than nature, properly produced and perfect in itself.† (Alberti, RWC, 79-80). Alberti sees nature and man tending towards good and even perfection. He acknowledges that evil exists, but sees it as a result of â€Å"bad habits and corrupted reason, both of which proceed from erroneous opinion and mental deficiency.† (Alberti, RWC, 80). As an early humanist, hisShow MoreRelatedThe Reformation Was the Rejection of the Secular Spirit of the811 Words   |  4 Pagesfocus, the Renaissance concentrated increasingly on the present day, demonstrating a more secular philosophy. Humanism developed, making human beings, and not God, the center of attention. People not longer considered their lives solely as a preparation for the afterlife, but instead gave them actual value. The churchs authority fused with that of the state, resulting in a monopolized power greatly influenced by religion. The rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance can be seenRead MoreRenaissance and Reformation806 Words   |  4 PagesThe renaissance and the reformation were two of the most significant changes in history that has shaped our world today. Both of these great time periods are strikingly similar in some ways and totally different in others. This is because the renaissance was a change from religion to humanism whether it is in art or literature; it is where the individual began to matter. However, the reformation was,† in a nutshell,† a way to reform the church and even more so to form the way our society is todayRead MoreThe Enormous Growth During the Renaissance1420 Words   |  6 PagesThe term Renaissance in general refers to â€Å"Rebirth† or â€Å"Reconstruction†. To be exact, the meaning came from all the changes experienced and inventive ideas that influence during the European history. The Renaissance occurred between the 14th and 17th century when there was revival in both learning and culture in Europe. It began in Florence, Italy and traveled throughout other city-states in Italy. It mainly occurre d in Italy due to the history of Rome and Roman Empire. The Renaissance was a culturalRead MoreThe legacy of the renaissance1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe legacy of the renaissance can be described and defined in many ways and through many great people. For example, one of the main figures of the renaissance was Leonardo Da Vinci born in Italy during the year1452; he was during his time and is still today considered a true renaissance man. Da Vinci dabbled in almost every aspect of the arts and science. He is most famous however for his painting (Mona Lisa) finished in 1506, but he also worked on designs for weapons and sculpted as well as theRead MoreEnlightened Philosophers (John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau)1495 Words   |  6 Pageswith Government) †. If Locke were alive during the Renaissance period, his views may have shifted. Lock may have been less bold about his reasons â€Å"why men enter into a society†. The renaissance was a time of peace and prosperity. Humanism, self awareness, art, and science were a big deal and his view of people and their â€Å"state in nature† may have changed because people were thinking differently during those times. During the Protestant Reformation, times were also different and his opinion may haveRead MoreThe Renaissance Versus the Reformation1340 Words   |  6 PagesThe Renaissance versus the Reformation I feel, sometimes, as the Renaissance man must have felt in finding new riches at every point and in the certainty that unexplored areas of knowledge and experience await at every turnÂâ€"Polykarp Kusch. Two very critical periods in the history of western civilization involved the eras of the Renaissance and the Reformation. The renaissance evolved mainly in direct result to the medieval times where the people where obedient to authority. The reformationRead MoreThe Protestant Reformation And Renaissance : The Renaissance And The Renaissance1008 Words   |  5 Pagesresemblance to another. As to the concern of the relation between the Protestant Reformation and Renaissance, they both encompass apparent elements of individualism and religious reasoning. In spite of this, both these events can be separately indentified as different based on the change they incited on the whole of Western Civilization and of who was actually effected during their time. The foremost impact of the Renaissance is the inspiration of human thought and choices created by the HumanistRead MoreWhat Do These Pictures Of The Pazzi Chapel?1372 Words   |  6 Pagesand interior) suggest to you about the core ideas/beliefs of the Italian Renaissance? The Pazzi Chapel epitomizes the Italian Renaissance’s core beliefs of humanism, individualism, and the salience of religion. The first thing that people will notice about the chapel is its unique dimensions. The Pazzi Chapel is comparatively small to the Gothic cathedrals that were designed in the Middle Ages. This emphasizes the Renaissance belief of humanism. Humanism is the rediscovery of Greek and Roman textsRead MoreThe Protestant Break : Leo X 1513-211605 Words   |  7 Pagesdetail a single chapter of Barbara Tuchman’s work The March of Folly, which is â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21.† The topic of Tuchman’s discussion in the chapter is the nature of Leo X’s reign as the pope and the effect that it had on history. Following the examination of other renaissance papacies in previous chapters, Tuchman continues a study of how the era’s popes provoked the Protestant secession. â€Å"The Protestant Break: Leo X 1513-21† is a salient chapter, however, in that it is during Leo X’sRead MoreCompare and Contrast Italian Renaissance Painting and Sculpture to the Northern Renaissance Painting and Sculpture1731 Words   |  7 PagesItalian Renaissance to the artworks of the Renaissance in the North, you have to understand the roots of the Renaissance. Renaissance has a special meaning, referring to a period of the grand florescence of the arts in Italy during the 14th century and progressed and migrated, in the 15th and 16th centuries, to Northern Europe. The Renaissance was stimulated by the revival of the classical art forms of ancient Greece and Rome. The â€Å"re-birth of knowledge,† better known as the Renaissance, can be

Security and Stability of Prison Management

Question: Discuss about the Security and Stability of Prison Management. Answer: In view of the given condition, the roles of the staff and personnel employed in the prison setting are integral for smooth operational performance and prudent management of the various issues associated with the inmates and other situations. Therefore, in tackling the ensuing circumstance pertaining to an inmate named Spencer who complained and threatened of non-cooperation due to non-fulfillment of his projected demands, I feel strict abidance of the jailcraft principles is essential. According to the guidelines as put forward in the jailcraft principles, emphasis must be laid on the tacit knowledge and core competency relevant to the professionalism of the prison officers. The underlying prerequisites encompass duties encompass being security minded and tactically proficient, possession of a sound understanding about the inmate subculture, being firm but fair, taking charge and being in control of the surrounding happenings, revealing of genuine interest towards inmates wellbeing and finally being a positive influence (Crawley, 2013). Hence I feel the concerned inmate Spencer who expressed grievance of not receiving the promised non-meat diet after proper request and assurance from his personal supervisor as per his statement should be verified for the truthfulness of his claim. As part of my job I should be promptly ready to encounter any unforeseen or challenging situation and work in perfect harmony to safeguard the best of interests of the inmates as well as maintaining the workplace culture and ethics. I believe every inmate should be treated in an unbiased manner thereby allying the apprehensions of other prisoners about any possible favoritism on the part of the prison officer. The staff-prisoner relationship in conjunction with the staff professionalism has been identified as vital factors that indicate the prison quality and prevalent culture (Crewe Liebling Hulley, 2015). Further I am of the opinion that the claim of Spencer must be corroborated with his activities and attitudes inside the prison. I need to keep a strict vigilance on him to find out the root cause of his dissatisfaction and carefully investigate the possibility of any secret motive. The confined and rigid environment in a prison calls for the preservation of utmost security and stability. Hence, keeping control of the situation and inmates is pivotal (He, 2013). However I disagree to the explanation and consecutive actions taken by the S/Sgt Ted regarding the mat ter pertaining to the diet change request. I think his attitude towards Spencer reveals a sense of biasness exhibiting a breach of conduct and lacking conformity with the jailcraft principles (Jewkes, Crewe Bennett, 2016). His actions might have far reaching consequences thereby creating a negative impact on the other inmates. Moreover, I feel the purpose of a correctional home gets defeated in such proceedings and foster an environment of mistrust, disbelief and agitation. In fine, it is advisable from all ends concerned associated with the prison setting to indulge in healthy and rightful practices. The prison officers specifically must strive to possess the optimum and desirable traits that might influence the inmates in a positive manner. However, in the process of interacting and treating the prisoners care should be taken to protect and safeguard their human rights. Thus, working in compliance with the existing guidelines and legislation will harbor positive outcomes in a prison setting. References Crawley, E. M. (2013).Doing prison work. Routledge. Crewe, B., Liebling, A., Hulley, S. (2015). Staff?Prisoner Relationships, Staff Professionalism, and the Use of Authority in Public?and Private?Sector Prisons.Law Social Inquiry,40(2), 309-344. He, K. (2013). Study on Security and Stability of Prison Management. InInformatics and Management Science II(pp. 429-435). Springer London. Jewkes, Y., Crewe, B., Bennett, J. (Eds.). (2016).Handbook on prisons. Routledge.

Natural Resources Diamonds

Botswana is a country found in Southern Africa that is ranked among the highest diamond producers in the world. The tremendous growth in Botswana’s economy over the last three decades is attributed to its valuable diamonds. There are very few countries that produce diamond and this therefore makes diamond to be among the most valuable minerals in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Natural Resources: Diamonds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper will explore the socio-economic and environmental impacts of diamond mining in Botswana. The price of diamond at the international market is fairly good compared to other minerals. The economy of Botswana is among the best in Africa because the country has large deposits of valuable diamonds. Botswana discovered diamonds for the first time in the late 1960s. At independence, a larger percentage of Botswana’s population was languishing in poverty because the country had not discovered its vast mineral resources (Collier 37). The three main diamond mines in Botswana include Letlhakane, Jwaneng and Orapa. The production of diamonds from the three mines made Botswana to be among the leading diamond producers in the world by 1980 (Collier 56). Botswana has the best brand of diamonds due to their high value compared to those from other countries. The Damtshaa mine which was established in 2002 is the most recent mine in Botswana. Botswana is blessed with large quantities of diamond that is yet to be fully exploited (Collier 113). It is estimated that Botswana produces 25% of all the diamond in the global market. Botswana has an estimated total population of 2.1 million people with an average population growth rate of 1.656% (Dale 75). The adult population in Botswana is estimated to be 39% of the total population. Botswana is estimated to be 581,730 km2 with 75% of its land surface covered by the Kalahari Desert (Dale 76). The country has a high mortality rate as a result of the AIDS pandemic that is very prevalent. The urban population is estimated to be 60% of the country’s total population. Botswana has a life expectancy of 60.3 years (Collier 87). The majority of workers who work in diamond mines are local people with a considerable number of foreign expatriates (Collier 94). The major mining companies have a joint ownership between the government and foreign companies. Almost half a million local people earn their living either directly or indirectly from the four major mines in Botswana. The AIDS pandemic is very prevalent in mining towns as a result of the carefree lifestyles in the towns.Advertising Looking for research paper on geology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many sex workers move to mining towns in order to exploit money from the miners who are well paid (Collier 94). The mining companies in collaboration with the Botswana government have put in place HIV/AIDS prevention programs especially for the mine workers. The people in rural areas practice some subsistence farming and at the same time receive financial support from their relatives in mining towns (Mcntyre 132). Diamond mining has brought significant economic benefits to the local communities in Botswana (Mcntyre 132). The mining industry has benefited the entire country because the majority of government functions and programs are funded using proceeds from diamond exports. Other industries such as agriculture and tourism rely on the mining industry for funding (Dale 66). The education and health sectors have significantly been improved through the building of new schools and hospitals that benefit the local community. Botswana has moved from being among the poorest countries in the world at independence to a middle income economy after the discovery of diamonds (Dale 66). The local communities have benefited greatly from the diamond m ines through the improvement of infrastructure and the numerous job opportunities found in the mines. Mining companies in Botswana work under strict international environmental conservation guidelines to ensure environmental sustainability. The companies conduct frequent monitoring of water; air and land as a way of preserving the natural surrounding and at the same time minimize the potential environmental risks (Dale 114). Mining companies have played a significant role in the conservation of flora and fauna to promote the tourism industry. The mining companies distribute free antiretroviral drugs to minimize the number of employee deaths resulting from HIV (Collier 147). The price of rough and refined diamond has been fluctuating in the last four years depending on market dynamics. Botswana mines an average of 23 million carats of rough diamond annually with an average price of $ 170.36 per carat (Mcntyre 74). Diamond prices are slightly high in the United States with an average price of rough diamond being sold at $ 236.30 per carat (Mcntyre 75). In conclusion, diamond mining is a major economic activity in Botswana that has been instrumental in improving the country’s economy. The mine workers are well remunerated on top of being provided with good working conditions. Safety measures are a priority in all the mines in Botswana and this has reduced the number of accidents that occur in the mines (Collier 156). Australia and the United States record more mine accidents compared to Botswana. The Government of Botswana in partnership with mining companies offers special services and outreach programs for mine workers with medical conditions. The special initiatives have greatly benefited those workers who are infected or affected by the HIV pandemic (Collier 157). Local production of diamond products should be encouraged to create more jobs for the local people. Despite facing its fair share of challenges, Botswana’s mining industry is a perfect model for other countries to emulate.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Natural Resources: Diamonds specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Works Cited Collier, Paul. Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War and Development Policy, New York: World Bank Publications, 2003. Print. Dale, Richard. Botswana’s Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa, New York: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2005. Print. Mcntyre, Chris. Bradt Botswana: Okavango Delta, Chobe, Northern Kalahari, New York: Bradt Travel Guides, 2010. Print. This research paper on Natural Resources: Diamonds was written and submitted by user Mark Mcdaniel to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.